ࡱ> Y[X%`0%bjbj"x"x :6@@    * $BjZ 2B4B4B4B4B4B4B$DhFXB XB mBj  2B2Bl?l,A N g? 6.@*ALB0BA*'Gd'GT,A,A'GA( Bl XBXBz Bjj The Financial Crisis: How Its Affecting Women Worldwide  HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0)" \o "PDF"  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.womenthrive.org/images/M_images/pdf_button.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET  HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0)" \o "Print"  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.womenthrive.org/images/M_images/printButton.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET  HYPERLINK "javascript:void(0)" \o "E-mail"  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.womenthrive.org/images/M_images/emailButton.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET  From World Bank President Robert Zoellick to heads of state at the recent UN General Assembly meeting in New York, many leaders have sounded the alarm in recent weeks about the impact the financial crisis is likely to have on the developing world. As the overall global economy contracts, the effects are most likely to be felt by the poorest worldwide. One angle thats often missed: the hardest hit by definition are likely to be women, who form the vast majority of the poor, who are the key investment to ending poverty and who have been making unprecedented economic gains in the past decade. Heres how the crisis is likely to affect women: Economic contraction in the developed world means fewer jobs in manufacturing in the developing world: which affects women. Africa's exports have jumped by about $240 billion since 2002 -- eight times the $28 billion Africa received in development aid, humanitarian assistance, and debt relief from wealthy countries last year, and 15 times the annual remittances from the 16 million Africans working abroad in Europe, the Persian Gulf, and the United States. Falling orders from retailers this Christmas season means these exports will start to fall. While its still early, theres already some evidence that this has started to happen. Exports from the Asia, for example, have begun to fall in the last two to three months. Many jobs in the developing world were created for women to take advantage of cheap labor, making these jobs particularly insecure. The example of the African textile industry illustrates this the sector has provided for a great deal of new jobs for women in Africa - over 100,000 new jobs in the export apparel sector, including 45,000 jobs in Swaziland, 26,000 jobs in Lesotho, and 30,000 jobs in Kenya 75 to 90% of these jobs have gone to women living in the most dire poverty. These jobs are by no means sustainable in a crisis. During the Asian Financial Crisis, for example, the bulk of women worked in industries like textiles, food processing, and electronics industries that are sensitive to the export market and were easily undercut by the economic crisis. Women are mostly likely to have jobs in the informal sectors of the economy with virtually no job security: and are the first to get laid off. Even when they have jobs within the formal sector, women are disproportionately affected by global financial problems. They are more likely to be unskilled in comparison to their male counterparts in factories and are then more likely to be made redundant first. Access to Credit and Finance Micro-credit in the last decade has made huge inroads in allowing the poorest women to have access to small loans, and several major banks had begun to provide these services also. It is too early to tell what the impact of the global credit freeze will be on the industry, but its safe to assume that small unsecured loans will be under as much threat as other credit, if not more. Unlike other borrowers, women have few other sources of financing. Remittances from country nationals who are immigrants in developed nations is a major source of household income in many developing countries, especially in Latin America and Africa. One of the most likely indirect effects of the crisis on developing countries is the likely decline in remittances to African countries as unemployment rises in North America, Europe and other places. Remittances to Latin America have already slowed this year, according to the Inter American Development Bank. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/30/AR2008093002579.html" \t "_blank" http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/30/AR2008093002579.html). This means women will have less money to run their households than before. Exacerbating the Food Crisis Most developing countries this year are still battling high inflation and high prices for basic foods, a story that was in the news earlier this year when there were food riots in some countries. Women, as the major producers of food and as providers for the household, are at the epicenter of this crisis. The economic slowdown will exacerbate this, and some experts worry it could delay large-scale agriculture and infrastructure projects which are needed as part of the long term solution to the problem. The crisis could also impact food aid, along with other forms of aid (see below). "I think this global financial challenge could impact our ability to deal with the food crisis ... and whether we can put measures in place to alleviate the current suffering," said Abdoulie Janneh, executive secretary of the U.N.s Economic Commission for Africa. The typical African farmer is a woman - in sub-Saharan Africa, women produce up to 80% of basic foodstuffs both for household consumption and for sale. This will have a huge impact as, according to the World Bank, 70 percent of all Africans and nearly 90 percent of their poor work primarily in agriculture. Effect on Governments and Donor Agencies As developed governments set aside huge budgets to cover their billion-dollar rescue packages, there is an assumption they will slow or cut their reduce foreign aid programs. Private humanitarian groups, facing a drop in donations, might have to do the same. According to the World Bank, the United States ranks relatively low as a foreign-aid donor relative to GDP, but very high for private and charitable donations. As of 2005, U.S. aid programs accounted for about a quarter of rich-world aid, but private American charities provided $8.6 billion of the rich world's total $14.7 billion in private donations. Some experts worry that the crisis could delay large-scale agriculture and infrastructure projects and could even threaten social programs to improve health, education and sanitation. At last weeks World Bank-IMF Annual meeting, World Bank President Robert Zoellick's and IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn noted that impoverished countries, through no fault of their own, were in danger of being penalized doubly by the crisis as they find it harder to get foreign funding, while their exports lose value as highly strapped world demand for their goods continues to plummet due to the global decline. Financial Bailout in Context President Abdoulaye Wade of Senegal pointed out: "The amount of investment needed to feed people and create jobs in Africa is a fraction of the money being spent on the global financial crisis."  Related: Hear Ritu Sharma, Women Thrive's President and Co-Founder, discuss how the credit crisis is affecting women on  HYPERLINK "http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=95849397" \t "_blank" NPR's Morning Edition. Read Ritu's  HYPERLINK "http://www.womensedge.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=581&Itemid=152" \t "_blank" Op/Ed on this issue in the New York Daily News.  9:cdeW X Y Z [ \ ] ̷̷̷̝̝n̷̷̝T̷2jXhh%hh%B* CJOJQJU^JaJph&2jhh%hh%B* CJOJQJU^JaJph&)hh%hh%B* CJOJQJ^JaJph&2jhh%hh%B* CJOJQJU^JaJph&)hh%hh%B*CJOJQJ^JaJph3332jhh%hh%B*CJOJQJU^JaJph3332hh%hh%5;B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph9\ J7$dh-DA$M gdh%kd$$If\ G 62,22 K22K22K22K4ayth%$dh$A$Ifgdh%$dh$A$Ifgdh%% <=""l#m#n#u###>$?$U$V$d$e$$$%%%%ɳəəɳɳɳlɳəəəə2jhh%hh%B*CJOJQJU^JaJph333%hh%hh%B* CJOJQJ^Jph&2jhh%hh%B*CJOJQJU^JaJph333+hh%hh%5B*CJOJQJ\^Jph333)hh%hh%B*CJOJQJ^JaJph333,hh%hh%<B*CJOJQJ^JaJph333hh%hh%CJaJ" ]cPkV$dhd$A$If[$gdh%$ & F ddd$A$If[$\$^gdh%$ & F ddd$A$If[$\$^gdh%$ & F ddd$A$If[$\$^gdh%$ & F dd$A$If[$^gdh%$dhdd$A$If[$\$gdh%P$ iI$ & Fddd$A$If[$\$^gdh%$ & Fddd$A$If[$\$^gdh%$ & Fddd$A$If[$\$^gdh%$dhdd$A$If[$\$gdh%$ & Fddd$A$If[$\$^gdh%$ & F ddd$A$If[$\$^gdh% "l#n#X$%%%%%gR$dh-DA$M gdh%>kdv $$If 622K4ayth%$dhdd$A$If[$\$gdh%$dh$A$Ifgdh%$dhd$A$If[$gdh%$ & Fddd$A$If[$\$^gdh% %%)hh%hh%B*CJOJQJ^JaJph33381h:p! . A!"#$% (2*2Dd@@|  c BApdf_buttonPDF"PDFb ؋MfΕL:[(UDn ؋MfΕL:[(UPNG  IHDR(-S+tEXtCreation TimeThu 6 Nov 2003 15:30:00 -0000K |?tIME \| pHYs  ~gAMA aBPLTEssskkkƔ{{{޽cccֵZZZpXtRNS@fIDATxMQ Б 0W][ϫw(q0&_O% Z Yf'TϪD|r+HSHMiWv&Ri7@Ă`iILRbx 0p[70<;)IENDB`Dd@@  c HA printButtonPrint" Printb5zҝѭ{Iȳn5zҝѭ{IȳPNG  IHDR(-S,tEXtCreation TimeFri 23 Jul 2004 21:02:51 -0000ܱytIME !S pHYs  ~gAMA aBPLTEkkkccc祥ƽ֔sssBBBJJJ]dtRNS@fIDATx%Y P ԞU˿g!inad%X&=O68^h=w3=Ԉ!ZIFzdhE`kS8:WwJ+ C|<[1bݎl$S*`s LZ_GIENDB`Dd@@  c JAemailButtonE-mail"E-mailbg}$8/Lrng}$8/LrPNG  IHDR(-S,tEXtCreation TimeFri 23 Jul 2004 21:05:44 -0000MtIMEp/ pHYs  ~gAMA aHPLTEkkkZZZsssccc{{{νRRRJJJ9991tRNS@fIDATxMQ0D!DL4MtxBRGH͚$PsiDk @.49WJs֬^I\q{)y.TvTbW#)ǝlwUdZ}ʯBwBKVi/ z/ IENDB`$$If!vh5 5;5;5;#v #v;:V 6,52,22 K22K22K22K4 yth%Ddr <P  3 3"((Z$$If!vh5 #v :V 6522K4 yth%N@N Normal$A$CJ_HaJmH sH tH DA@D Default Paragraph FontRi@R  Table Normal4 l4a (k(No ListBU`B | Hyperlink57>*S*Y(\ph&H^`H | Normal (Web)$ddA$[$\$*W`* | Strong5\Do!D h%article_seperator <69\]c  P$lnX 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 0 0 0000000 0 09\]c  P$lnX Z0Z0Z0Z0Z0Z0Z00Z00Z00Z00Z00Z00Z00Z00Z00Z00Z00Z00Z00Z00Z00Z00Z0Z0Z00Z0Z00X0Z00 %% P %%9cdWYZ\<>UdXCXCXCXXX a ,Hb lHc Hd ,Ie lIf Ig Ih ,Ji lJj Jk Jl ,Km lK[[@@Clmm     ccMMIyqq#  9 *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsStateB *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region9 *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace > '1|]c |}') 333   g~XAF0td\tD90zh$t2r;98) 9 CNXGHJK2X$gT L~9VmlfYlo[ZqEk0T aglkv=Ar2T+u^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(g~EkAGHo[98 C$t2aglT+ufYJK=Ar~9VD90) 9F0bLV))qgXh 0Xh V))V))JbLrOJ! 2I?h%| 9\ @AP@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial7Georgia?5 z Courier New;Wingdings"qh,f,fU4U4!242HX)?| 28THE FINANCIAL CRISIS: HOW ITS AFFECTING WOMEN WORLDWIDE xpxpT             Oh+'0  (4 T ` lx<THE FINANCIAL CRISIS: HOW ITS AFFECTING WOMEN WORLDWIDE xpNormalxp2Microsoft Office Word@^в@~f?@~f?U՜.+,D՜.+,d  hp|  4' 9THE FINANCIAL CRISIS: HOW ITS AFFECTING WOMEN WORLDWIDE Title 8@ _PID_HLINKSA$M)Shttp://www.womensedge.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=581&Itemid=152[M>http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=95849397HUhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/30/AR2008093002579.htmll` javascript:void(0)l`javascript:void(0)l`javascript:void(0)  !"#%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGIJKLMNOQRSTUVWZRoot Entry Fg?\Data 1Table${GWordDocument:6SummaryInformation(HDocumentSummaryInformation8PCompObjq  FMicrosoft Office Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q