ࡱ> pso ^?bjbjT~T~ 8l664+ 'G& 8|S<r9*8888888$<>?|8;  8;;9")$)$)$f;;8)$8)$)$+3|4M7"3769<r93?#p?$44f?m50")$88w#7r9? : Womens Rights and Gender Justice as a central issue of Poverty Eradication Contribution by the GCAP Feminist Task Force Introduction The fulfilment of womens rights and gender justice has been identified by the Global Call to Action against Poverty (GCAP) as one of its seven strategic areas in its struggle for the eradication of poverty and inequality. As the GCAP strategic document for the current period states, MDG 3 of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) reaffirms gender equality and womens empowerment as essential ingredients of achieving sustainable human development and underline their importance as a means of achieving all the other MDGs. The MDGs resulting from the Millennium Declaration were an effort to consolidate previous agreements reached during the 1990s on areas related to human rights, environmental sustainability, population and development, education, health, as well as womens rights, empowerment and gender equality. Nevertheless, womens organisations around the world criticised what they saw as a minimalist approach of the 8 goals. The struggle during the last decade has been for an expansion of the MDGs to encompass previous agreements but also to fulfill these minimalist frameworks which, even in their limited scope, have not been met. Another criticism which is shared by other social movements is that the various areas addressed by the MDGs cannot be looked at in isolation--rather, a cross sectional approach must be taken when aiming to, for example, reduce gender disparities and poverty. As stated inan open letter to United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon in response to the Keeping the Promise report spearheaded by GCAP in May 2010 and endorsed by over 120 civil society organisationsin, there is a need for an MDG Breakthrough Plan that must focus on an integrated approach. The letter also demands an increased investment in the most off track targets along with a focus on the interdependence of human rights, gender equality, environmental sustainability, peace and security, as well as special attention to human rights infringements against persons forced into international migration. ( y una especial atencin a las derivas en contra de los derechos humanos ligadas a la migracin internacional.) It is therefore important that in the struggle for gender equality-with poverty eradication as a key component,- GCAP contemplates the need to go beyond the MDGs limited scope and implement a holistic approach that recognises the various aforementioned interdependencies. Key changes/developments in the last three years with respect to womens rights and gender justice A glance backwards to the last few years will show that there has not been an adequate assessment of the utility of the current MDG framework which at best is participatory and provides some necessary data for analysis of the current economic, social and political situation. Primarily, a major flaw in the framework is that there is a lack of available data, and that the limited information that is availableis scattered and only permits some general trends to be generated. In order to improve the utility of the framework a robust, credible, transparent, effective and inclusive monitoring and accountability framework at global and national level must be a key part of the MDG Breakthrough Plan to be agreed at the High Level Plenary Meeting on the MDGs in September. The UNSG Report says that Redressing gender inequality remains one of the most difficult goals almost everywhere with cross-cutting implications. The root cause of gender disadvantage and oppression lies in societal attitudes and norms, as well as power structures, as identified in the Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA). The Social Watch Gender Equity Index 2009 provides data that supports the Secretary Generals statement, showing that the gender gap is not narrowing in most countries and that progress is taking place in countries that were already comparatively better. The index looks at three gaps: in education, in economic activity and in empowerment. With respect to education it says that this area is where the gender equity gap has narrowed the most with several countries improving their position in the index though not yet reaching the expected improvement. The UNSG Report also presents a similar view, as it states that there has been progress but we are still far from reaching the goals: The gender gap in primary school enrolment has narrowed in the past decade, although at a slow pace, with over 95 girls of primary school age in school for every 100 boys in developing countries in 2007, compared to 91 in 1999. Progress in secondary schooling has been slower. In some regions, gaps are widening. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the ratio of girls to boys enrolment in secondary education fell from 82 per cent in 1999 to 79 per cent in 2007. Only 53 of the 171 countries with available data had achieved gender parity in both primary and secondary education, 14 more than in 1999. In her recent message on the occasion of the International Literacy Day, Irina Bokova, Director General of UNESCO, said that two in every three of the worlds 759 million illiterate adults are women. This is an intolerable situation reflecting one of the most persistent injustices of our times: unequal access to education. There is clearly much to do in achieving gender equality in educational attainment. With respect to economic activity, according to Social Watch, of the 163 countries considered, 96 (59%) regressed slightly or severely and only 63 (39%) made progress-the region worst affected is Sub-Saharan Africa. The UNSG report says in turn that although female participation in the labour force has increased, there are gender gaps in participation rates, occupational levels and wages. Paid employment for women has expanded slowly and women continue to assume the largest share of unpaid work. Close to two thirds of all employed women in developing countries work as contributing family workers or as own-account workers which are typical forms of extremely vulnerable employment that lack security and benefits. Womens share of waged non-agricultural employment has increased in the last decade, but only marginally, and women have generally failed to get decent jobs. In the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia, for example, the share of females in total employment is below 30 per cent. The empowerment gap remains high, as women continue to be under-represented in decision making positions within their communities and countries. Although in some countries womens participation has increased in several professions, the legislature and high management positions, the numbers are far away from acceptable levels of equity according to Social Watch. The UNSG Report also says the womens share of national parliamentary seats has increased to an average of 18% (from 11% ten years ago) but it is still far from the 30% target agreed upon at the Beijings Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995. Gender based violence and how it manifests itself in manifold forms is another area that greatly impacts the lives of women and that sees limited or no progress,namely, women experience violence against their physical and mental integrity through domestic violence or rape but also when policies and infrastructures are not in place to enable them in redressing social, cultural and economic injustices against themselves and their children. Data from different countries show the persistence of extremely high numbers of women dying due to domestic violence, feminicide, and maternal mortality. For example, more than 500.000 women die every year during childbirth. The UNSG report says that maternal mortality only declined marginally from 480 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 450 in 2005 and at that rate target 1 of MDG 5 will not be met by 2015. ack of peace and security in countries affects women in particular such as in situations of conflict, as rape is often used as weapon of war or intimidation. Data also shows the over representation of women in the care economy. The impacts of food, financial and ecological crises, that sometimes occur simultaneouslyand disproportionately impacts women and contributes to the lack of progress toward achieving gender equality. There have been some positive developments in the last years. Special mention goes to the creation of UN Women, a specialized UN agency that addresses the specific issues of women in a comprehensive and holistic approach. The establishment of UN Women was in part the result of the undying persistence of the Gender Equality Architecture Reform (GEAR) Campaign (of which the Feminist Task Force (FTF) was a partner), in hand with the tremendous mobilization of women around the world to the call of GEAR. Also, during these years the reality of women became much more visible due to a strong positioning of social movements in general and the womens movement in particular that presented very concise demands and proposals. Additionally, visibly concrete initiatives were implemented by civil society which included the development of several good practices by women. The demand for accountability on the side of governments, the financial sector and international organisations has grown significantly and this has also resulted in a broader acceptance of the interlinkage between multiple concurrent crises and their impact on several areas affecting women. Major issues, challenges and opportunities that can be addressed by GCAP in the next three-five years The above summarised situation shows that there is much to be done by GCAP in terms of gender justice articulated with the general concern for the eradication of poverty and inequality and building just and sustainable societies. The Feminist Task Force (FTF) suggests considering the following points for a strategic discussion: Change of Paradigm: A change of paradigm that abandons the current model of accumulation, consumption and speculation must be supported and promoted. The new paradigm must be based on real production, small scale enterprise and agriculture, respect of people, focused on the well-being of the majorities and the sense of responsibility as regards ensuring life. Climate Change: climate change is not just a technical and scientific issue. Efforts on climate change must be based on a societal model. Women must and should play a key role-not just as those mostly affected-- but as key developers of sustainable alternatives. Therefore, there is a need to work with a gender perspective in the area of climate change that will make visible new paradigms, such as that promoting abuen vivir. Basic Human Rights: peace and justice, people and earth rights must be first, rather than profit making ventures and schemes. This affects those who are most vulnerable and invisible, including women, children, youth, indigenous peoples and older adults.An analysis on the best practice to achieving human rights through a holistic approach but emphasising a gender perspective to the MDGS must be undertaken. GCAP must see how to enlarge its constituency to include all these groups with their particular experiences. Issue interdependence: the issues that disproportionately impact women will not be eradicated holistically it we do not recognise their interdependence. Therefore we must emphasize the relationship between Financing for development (FfD) and MDGs, as related to official development aid (ODA) and debt elimination. UN Women: the newly created UN Women should be ambitiously funded. Innovative financing mechanisms to achieve its success should be explored, such as through the current Financial Transaction Tax (FTT) making headway in various countries and processes, and most recently in the Draft Outcome Document of the UN MDG 2010 Review Summit. With its reach in both the developing and industrialized countries, GCAP can spearhead an effort to direct FTT funds to gender equality. UN as the supreme representative global body: GCAP should continue supporting the UN as the supreme global governance and economic/financial institution representative of all global citizens unto the world with its one-country, one vote system, and support the UN-192 global body over the G20/G8 system. GCAP should continue to uphold and demand 0.7% must be a basis (as this figure should be surpassed) and an obligation of the countries from the North by 2015. Gender Based Violence: the struggle against violence against women (VAW) and for a dramatic reduction in maternal mortality should be made a priority for GCAP. With its mixed representation and gender equality as a core demand, GCAP is extremely well-suited for taking on the call of VAW. Education: education is a priority and must --???(DO YOU MEAN) support the work of ICAE--??, particularly in reaching gender equality in education, having long term investments and moving away from basic education to Life Long Learning (LLL). Civil Society: civil society must not only counter, demonstrate and denounce but also become the model of best practices in human rights advocacy and implementation--it must demonstrate the difference that is so urgently needed.  Open Letter by Civil Society to United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon in response to the launch of his Keeping the promise report, May 2010  United Nations Secretary General: Keeping the Promise. A forward-looking review to promote an agreed action agenda to achieve the MDGs by 2015.   HYPERLINK "http://www.socialwatch.org/node/11562" http://www.socialwatch.org/node/11562      PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 5 . are we going to touch on the type of seats they are getting---namely, are they powerful positions or are they positions where their decisions do not have much impact on policies that affect women at the grassroots level? 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