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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=ES-MX link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Español abajo </span></i></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Français Ci-dessous</span></i></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:62.85pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>ICAE Virtual Seminar<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>“Adult Education and Development: Post 2015”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:75.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:20.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:75.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:20.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'><a href="http://www.dvv-international.de/index.php?article_id=1473&clang=1"><span style='color:#3939EF;text-decoration:none'>Learning for All: The World Bank Group Education Strategy 2020</span></a> (*)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:75.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:20.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>By Elizabeth King<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:75.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:20.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>Director of Education in the Human Development Network of the World Bank.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:75.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:2.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Education is one of the most important drivers for ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Since 1990, targeted actions by a number of countries and their development partners have helped reduce by half the number of out-of-school children around the world. Yet 61 million children today are not in school – and there is abundant evidence that learning outcomes in many developing countries are alarmingly low, especially among disadvantaged populations. Because growth, development, and poverty reduction depend on the knowledge and skills that people acquire, not the number of years that they sit in a classroom, we must transform our call to action from Education for All to Learning for All. Learning for All means ensuring that all children and youth – not just the most privileged or most clever – not only can go to school but can acquire the knowledge and skills they need to lead healthy and productive lives, secure meaningful jobs, and contribute to society. Learning for All is exactly what the ten-year World Bank Group Education Strategy 2020 (World Bank Group 2011) emphasises:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo1;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Invest early because the ability to learn throughout life is best acquired in early childhood. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo1;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Invest smartly because national, family and donor resources are limited and must yield results. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Invest for all because a nation can prosper only when all students – including girls and disadvantaged groups – can learn. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>In 2010, the World Bank Group embarked on a year-long, comprehensive process of global consultations and technical work to shape the Bank’s Education Strategy 2020. From Argentina to Mongolia, extensive consultations were held with stakeholders from more than 100 countries. In these conversations, representatives of governments, development partners, students, teachers, researchers, civil society, and business shared their views about the emerging education challenges facing developing countries and how the Bank can best support countries to expand both education access and quality.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>What did we learn from this process?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>First, foundational skills acquired early in childhood make possible a lifetime of learning. The traditional view of education as starting in primary school takes up the challenge too late. The science of brain development shows that learning needs to be encouraged early and often, both inside and outside of the formal schooling system. Prenatal health and early childhood development programmes that include education and health are consequently important to realise this potential. In the primary years, quality teaching is essential to give students the foundational literacy and numeracy on which Lifelong Learning depends. Adolescence is also a period of high potential for learning, but many teenagers leave school at this point, lured by the prospect of a job, the need to help their families, or turned away by the cost of schooling. For those who drop out too early, second-chance and non-formal learning opportunities are essential to ensure that all youth can acquire skills for the labour market.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Second, getting results requires smart investments – that is, investments that prioritise and monitor learning, beyond traditional metrics, such as the number of teachers trained or number of students enrolled. Quality needs to be the focus of education investments, with learning gains as the key metric of quality. Resources are too limited and the challenges too big to be designing policies and programmes in the dark. We need evidence on what works in order to invest smartly.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Third, learning for all means ensuring that all students, and not just the most privileged or gifted, acquire the knowledge and skills that they need. Major challenges of access remain for disadvantaged populations at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels. We must lower the barriers that keep girls, children with disabilities, and ethnolinguistic minorities from attaining as much education as other population groups. Learning for All promotes the equity goals that underlie Education for All and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Without confronting equity issues, it will be impossible to achieve the objective of Learning for All.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Seeing Results<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Since we launched our global education strategy in April 2011, World Bank-supported programmes have:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Helped countries accelerate progress toward the Millennium Development Goals for universal primary education</span></i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>. Over the past two years, the Bank has provided more than $2.7 billion in financing from the International Development Association (IDA) for basic education in the poorest countries. We are working closely with the Global Partnership for Education (GPE) – the Bank supervises the implementation of most GPE grants, and has provided IDA co-financing in a number of countries.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Reduced inequality in education</span></i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>. Some examples include enabling private-public partnerships to expand access and quality of education for low-income children in Pakistan; providing stipends for girls to go to school in Bangladesh; and job training programmes for young women in Ethiopia and Jordan. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Improved the quality of service delivery</span></i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>. The Bank is supporting performance grants to secondary schools based on test scores and teacher attendance in Nigeria; school grants based on achievement of school plans in Indonesia; expansion of training in priority occupations aligned with employer demands in Rwanda; and is helping a number of countries like Ethiopia, Mozambique, Angola, Zambia, Armenia, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, and Vietnam build regulatory and quality-assurance frameworks to strengthen their student assessment systems. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Generated new evidence to improve learning outcomes</span></i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>. Through our Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)<sup><a href="http://www.dvv-international.de/index.php?article_id=1473&clang=1#1"><b><span style='color:#2074AD;text-decoration:none'>1</span></b></a></sup>, the Bank is building a comparable, worldwide database on education policies and institutions so countries can assess and benchmark themselves in key policy areas such as teacher policies, student assessments, school management, and workforce development. The Bank is also building a unique provider-level database on the quality of service delivery in African countries. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Expanding Students’ Horizons<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Our strategy stretches to 2020, but who knows what the world will look like seven years from now?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>We must prepare our youth today for the world we hope to realise: A world in which people can escape the bonds of deprivation and disadvantage to become their own agents for development and prosperity. To get there, we know that investments in education must focus not just on inputs like new classrooms, teacher training, textbooks, and computers, but also on all the policies, incentives, and financing that make education systems work.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>To ensure that developing countries can be competitive in today’s global marketplace, we must equip the next generation with the essential cognitive skills and the skills for critical thinking, teamwork, and innovation. Knowledge and skills can expand the horizons of our youth and enable them to take advantage of emerging opportunities. We must also measure what students learn, and hold govern ments and educators accountable if they don’t.<o:p></o:p></span></p><h1 style='margin-top:0cm;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'> (*) article published in "Adult Education and Development" 80/2013 <a href="http://www.dvv-international.de/index.php?article_id=1473&clang=1">http://www.dvv-international.de/index.php?article_id=1473&clang=1</a><o:p></o:p></span></h1><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><a name=1></a><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>1</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'> Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER). Available at <a href="http://bit.ly/12cM1IV"><span style='color:#2074AD;text-decoration:none'>http://bit.ly/12cM1IV</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>References</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>World Bank Group (2011)</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>: World Bank Group Education Strategy 2020: Learning for All: Investing in People’s Knowledge and Skills to Promote Development. Available at <a href="http://bit.ly/hTiJbA"><span style='color:#2074AD;text-decoration:none'>http://bit.ly/hTiJbA</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#31363B'>For more details on the progress of the World Bank Group Education Strategy 2020, please visit: <a href="http://bit.ly/fSCttF"><span style='color:#2074AD;text-decoration:none'>http://bit.ly/fSCttF</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'>……………………………..<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'><b>(Español)<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>Seminario Virtual del ICAE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>“Educación de Adultos y Desarrollo: Post 2015”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:75.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:20.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:75.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:20.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'><a href="http://www.dvv-international.de/index.php?article_id=1473&clang=3"><span lang=ES-MX style='color:#3939EF;text-decoration:none'>Aprendizaje para todos: la Estrategia de Educación 2020 del Grupo del Banco Mundial</span></a></span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'> </span></b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#31363B'> </span><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#31363B'>(*)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>By Elizabeth King<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>Directora de Educación en la Red de Desarrollo Humano del Banco Mundial<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'><o:p> </o:p></p><p style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='color:#31363B'>La educación es una de las herramientas más importantes para acabar con la pobreza y fomentar la prosperidad común. Desde 1990, diversos países y sus socios para el desarrollo han adoptado medidas focalizadas que han ayudado a reducir a la mitad la cantidad de niños y niñas no escolarizados en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, 61 millones de niños y niñas siguen sin poder asistir a la escuela, y existen numerosas evidencias de que los resultados de aprendizaje en muchos países en desarrollo son alarmantemente bajos, especialmente en los grupos desfavorecidos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='color:#31363B'>Debido a que el crecimiento, el desarrollo y la reducción de la pobreza dependen de los conocimientos y las aptitudes que las personas adquieren, y no de la cantidad de años que pasan en un aula, debemos modificar nuestro llamamiento a la acción basado en la “educación para todos” y en adelante hablar de “<em>aprendizaje </em>para todos”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='color:#31363B'>Aprendizaje para todos significa garantizar que todos los niños, niñas y jóvenes, —no solo los más privilegiados y los más brillantes— puedan, además de asistir a la escuela, adquirir también los conocimientos y las aptitudes que requieren para llevar una vida saludable y productiva, conseguir un empleo satisfactorio, y contribuir a la sociedad.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='color:#31363B'>El aprendizaje para todos es precisamente el objetivo en el cual pone el acento la Estrategia de Educación 2020 del Grupo del Banco Mundial (Grupo del Banco Mundial 2011), que abarca un período de diez años.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Invertir temprano, </span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>porque la capacidad de aprender a lo largo de toda la vida se adquiere durante la primera infancia. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Invertir con inteligencia, </span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>porque los recursos nacionales, familiares y aportados por los donantes son limitados y deben producir frutos. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Invertir para todos, </span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>porque una nación solo puede prosperar si todos los alumnos —entre ellos las niñas y los grupos desfavorecidos— tienen la oportunidad de aprender. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>En 2010, el Grupo del Banco Mundial se embarcó durante todo un año en un exhaustivo proceso de consultas y de trabajo técnico a nivel mundial, a fin de diseñar la Estrategia de Educación 2020 del Banco. Desde Argentina hasta Mongolia se realizaron amplias consultas con grupos de interés de más de 100 países. En el contexto de estas conversaciones, representantes de gobiernos, socios para el desarrollo, alumnos, maestros, investigadores, como también representantes de la sociedad civil y del mundo empresarial, compartieron sus visiones sobre los nuevos desafíos en materia de educación que deberán afrontar en el futuro los países en desarrollo, y sobre la manera en que el Banco puede contribuir más eficazmente a que los países mejoren el acceso a la educación y la calidad de la misma.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>¿Qué aprendimos de dicho proceso?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>En primer lugar, que <i>las capacidades fundamentales adquiridas durante la primera infancia hacen posible el aprendizaje a lo largo de toda la vida. </i>La visión tradicional, según la cual la educación comienza en la escuela primaria, encara el desafío en una etapa demasiado tardía. Las investigaciones sobre el desarrollo del cerebro han demostrado la necesidad de fomentar el aprendizaje a una edad temprana y de manera recurrente, tanto dentro como fuera del sistema escolar formal. Los programas de salud prenatal y de desarrollo de la primera infancia que comprenden aspectos relativos tanto a la educación como a la salud son, en consecuencia, importantes para desarrollar este potencial. Impartir una enseñanza de calidad a los alumnos de primaria es fundamental para entregarles las aptitudes básicas de lectura, escritura y aritmética de las cuales depende el aprendizaje a lo largo de toda la vida. También la adolescencia es una fase de enorme potencial para el aprendizaje, pero muchos jóvenes abandonan la escuela en esa etapa de la vida seducidos por la perspectiva de conseguir un empleo, urgidos por la necesidad de ayudar a sus familias, o disuadidos por el alto costo de la educación escolar. Para quienes dejan los estudios demasiado temprano, las alternativas de educación de segunda oportunidad y de aprendizaje no formal resultan esenciales para garantizar que todos los jóvenes puedan adquirir las habilidades exigidas por el mercado laboral.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>En segundo lugar, que <i>para obtener resultados se necesitan inversiones </i></span><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>inteligentes, </span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>es decir, inversiones que privilegien y supervisen el aprendizaje más allá de los paráme<span style='color:#31363B'>tros tradicionales, como por ejemplo la cantidad de maestros capacitados o el número de alumnos matriculados. La calidad debe ser la preocupación central de las inversiones en el campo de la educación, y el criterio básico para medirla dependerá de los avances en el aprendizaje. Los recursos son demasiado limitados y los desafíos demasiado grandes como para permitir que las políticas y los programas sean diseñados a ciegas. Necesitamos disponer de evidencias sobre iniciativas exitosas para así invertir de manera inteligente.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Y, en tercer lugar, <i>el aprendizaje para todos supone garantizar que todos los alumnos, y no solo los más privilegiados o aventajados, adquieran los conocimientos y las habilidades que necesitan. </i>Aún persisten las principales barreras que dificultan el acceso de sectores desfavorecidos de la población a la educación primaria, secundaria y terciaria. Debemos reducir los obstáculos que impiden que las niñas, los niños y niñas con discapacidades y las minorías etnolingüísticas reciban el mismo grado de educación que otros sectores de la población. El aprendizaje para todos fomenta los objetivos centrados en la equidad sobre los que se sustentan la Educación para Todos (EPT) y los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM). Si no nos ocupamos de los problemas relativos a la equidad, será imposible alcanzar el objetivo del aprendizaje para todos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Los resultados que pueden observarse<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Desde la puesta en marcha de la Estrategia Mundial de Educación en abril de 2011, los programas apoyados por el Banco Mundial han obtenido los siguientes logros:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Se ayudó a los países a avanzar con mayor celeridad en pos de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio relativos a la educación primaria universal.</span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'> Durante los últimos dos años, a través de la Asociación Internacional de Fomento (AIF), el Banco ha aportado más de US$2.700 millones a la educación básica en los países más pobres del mundo. En una iniciativa basada en una estrecha colaboración con la Alianza Mundial por la Educación (AME), al Banco le corresponde supervisar la implementación de la mayoría de las subvenciones otorgadas por la AME, y junto con el IDA ha emprendido iniciativas de cofinanciación en numerosos países. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Se redujo la desigualdad en la educación.</span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'> Como ejemplos pueden mencionarse el fomento de asociaciones entre los sectores público y privado en Pakistán a fin de mejorar la accesibilidad y la calidad de la educación para los niños y niñas de escasos recursos; asimismo, se otorgaron subvenciones para permitir que las niñas de Bangladesh asistieran a la escuela; y se financiaron programas de capacitación ocupacional para mujeres jóvenes de Etiopía y Jordania.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Se mejoró la calidad de la prestación de servicios</span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>. En Nigeria, el Banco respalda la otorgación de becas en función del desempeño académico a escuelas secundarias, tomando como base los puntajes de los exámenes y el historial de asistencia de los maestros; en Indonesia, financia la concesión de becas sobre la base del cumplimiento de los planes de estudio; en Ruanda, apoya la ampliación de la capacitación en ocupaciones prioritarias que respondan a la demanda de los empleadores; y en numerosos países, como Etiopía, Mozambique, Angola, Zambia, Armenia, República de Kirguistán, Tayikistán y Vietnam, contribuye a elaborar marcos regulatorios y de control de calidad que permitan de reforzar los sistemas de evaluación de los alumnos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Se han generado nuevas evidencias a fin de mejorar los resultados de aprendizaje.</span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'> Mediante nuestro Sistema de Evaluación y Referencia para los Resultados en Educación (System Assessment and Benchmarking for Education Results – SABER),<b>1</b> el Banco se encuentra construyendo una base de datos comparable y de alcance mundial sobre políticas e instituciones educativas, para que así los países puedan evaluarse y compararse con criterios de referencia en sectores clave para la formulación de políticas, como la docencia, la evaluación de los alumnos, la gestión escolar y el desarrollo de la fuerza laboral. Además, el Banco está creando una base de datos sin precedentes centrada en los proveedores de educación, a fin de medir la calidad de la prestación de servicios en los países africanos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Ampliar los horizontes de los alumnos<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Si bien nuestra estrategia se extiende hasta 2020, ¿quién sabe cómo será la situación mundial de aquí a diez años?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Debemos preparar desde ya a nuestra juventud para que el mundo al que aspiramos llegue a hacerse realidad. Un mundo donde las personas puedan romper las cadenas de la privación y la desventaja para transformarse en sus propios agentes promotores de desarrollo y prosperidad. Como bien sabemos, para llegar a esa meta las inversiones en educación deben concentrarse no solo en insumos como nuevas aulas, capacitación de maestros, textos de estudio y computadoras, sino además en la totalidad de las políticas, los incentivos y los mecanismos de financiación que mantienen en funcionamiento los sistemas educativos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>A fin de garantizar que los países en desarrollo se encuentren en condiciones de competir en el actual mercado mundial, debemos dotar a la próxima generación de las habilidades cognitivas necesarias, al igual de aptitudes para el pensamiento crítico, el trabajo en equipo y la innovación. Los conocimientos y las aptitudes pueden ampliar los horizontes de nuestros jóvenes y capacitarlos para aprovechar las oportunidades que vayan surgiendo. Debemos, igualmente, evaluar lo </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>aprendido por los<span style='color:#31363B'> alumnos y responsabilizar a los gobiernos y a los educadores si los resultados son negativos.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><h1 style='margin-top:0cm;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'> (*) </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext'>articulo publicado en “Educación de Adultos y Desarrollo” 80/2013</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext'> </span><span class=MsoHyperlink><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>http://www.dvv-international.de/index.php?article_id=1473&clang=3</span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></h1><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>1</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'> / Información disponible en </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><a href="http://bit.ly/12cM1IV" target="_blank"><span lang=ES-MX style='color:#2074AD;text-decoration:none'>http://bit.ly/12cM1IV</span></a></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Referencias:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Grupo del Banco Mundial (2011): World Bank Group Education Strategy 2020: Learning for All: Investing in People’s Knowledge and Skills to Promote Development. </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Disponible en </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><a href="http://bit.ly/hTiJbA" target="_blank"><span lang=ES-MX style='color:#2074AD;text-decoration:none'>http://bit.ly/hTiJbA</span></a></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Para información más detallada sobre los progresos en la Estrategia de Educación 2020 del Grupo del Banco Mundial, sírvanse visitar: </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><a href="http://bit.ly/%20fSCttF" target="_blank"><span lang=ES-MX style='color:#2074AD;text-decoration:none'>http://bit.ly/ fSCttF</span></a></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>………………………..<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=FR style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>Séminaire virtuel de l’ICAE:</span></b><span lang=FR style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=FR style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'> Éducation</span></b><b><span lang=FR style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'> </span></b><b><span lang=FR style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>des Adultes et Développement après-2015</span></b><span lang=FR style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:75.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:20.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=FR style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'><a href="http://www.dvv-international.de/index.php?article_id=1473&clang=2"><span style='color:#3939EF;text-decoration:none'>Apprentissage pour tous : la Stratégie 2020 du Groupe de la Banque mondiale pour le secteur de l’éducation</span></a> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>(*)</span></b><b><span lang=FR style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=FR style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>Par Elizabeth King<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>Directrice de l’éducation du Réseau de développement humain de la Banque mondiale.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:75.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:20.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>L’éducation est un des principaux moteurs pour mettre finà la pauvreté et renforcer une prospérité partagée. Depuis 1990, les actions ciblées d’un certain nombre de pays et de leurs partenaires en développement ont aidé à réduire de moitié le nombre des enfants en rupture scolaire dans le monde entier. Cependant, soixante-et-un millions d’en fants ne sont toujours pas scolarisés aujourd’hui – et beaucoup d’éléments démontrent que dans bien des pays en développement, les résultats de l’apprentissage ont un niveau alarmant – en particulier au sein des populations défavorisées.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Comme la croissance, le développement et la réduction de la pauvreté dépendent des connaissances et compétences que les gens acquièrent, et non du nombre d’années qu’ils passent à l’école, notre appel à l’action doit désormais s’intituler <i>Apprentissage</i> pour tous et non Éducation pour tous.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>L’apprentissage pour tous revient à garantir que tous les enfants et tous les jeunes – pas seulement les plus privilégiés ou les plus intelligents – puissent non seulement aller à l’école, mais aussi acquérir les connaissances et compétences qui leurs sont nécessaires pour mener une vie saine et productive, avoir des emplois valables et apporter leur contribution à la société.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>L’apprentissage pour tous est exactement ce que met en avant la Stratégie 2020 du Groupe de la Banque mondiale (Groupe de la Banque mondiale 2011) pour le secteur de l’éducation qui s’étale sur dix ans :<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>investir précocement</span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>, car la capacité à apprendre tout au long de la vie s’acquiert le mieux durant la petite enfance ; <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>investir intelligemment</span></i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>, car les ressources nationales et familiales, et celles des bailleurs de fonds sont limitées et doivent fournir des résultats ; <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>investir pour tous</span></i><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>, car une nation ne saurait prospérer que si tous ses apprenants – y compris les filles et les groupes désavantagés – peuvent apprendre. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>En 2010, le Groupe de la Banque mondiale entamait une année de consultations mondiales et d’activités techniques en vue d’élaborer la Stratégie 2020 du </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Groupe de la Banque mondiale<span style='color:#31363B'> pour le secteur de l’éducation. De l’Argentine à la Mongolie, de vastes consultations furent organisées avec des dépositaires d’enjeux de plus de cent pays. Durant ces entretiens, des représentants des gouvernements, des partenaires du développement, des étudiants, du secteur enseignant, de la recherche, de la société civile et des entreprises échangèrent leurs points de vue concernant les défis éducatifs émergents qui se posent aux pays en développement et sur la meilleure façon pour la Banque d’aider ces pays à élargir l’accès à l’éducation et à améliorer la qualité de cette dernière.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Qu’est-il ressorti pour nous de ces consultations ?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Premièrement, <i>les compétences fondatrices acquises durant la prime enfance rendent possible l’apprentissage tout au long de la vie</i>. La notion traditionnelle selon la-quelle l’éducation commence au primaire répond trop tard à ce défi. La science du développement cognitif montre que l’apprentissage doit être encouragé de bonne heure et, souvent, tant au sein du système scolaire traditionnel qu’hors de celui-ci. </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Les programmes de santé prénatale et d’éveil durant la petite enfance incluant l’éducation et la santé sont primordiaux pour exploiter ce potentiel. Durant les premières années, il est essentiel d’offrir un enseignement de qualité pour donner aux apprenants les bases de la lecture, de l’écriture et des mathématiques dont dépend l’apprentissage tout au long de la vie. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>L’adolescence est aussi une période riche en possibilités d’apprentissage, mais c’est durant cette période que beaucoup d’adolescents quittent l’école, attirés par la perspective d’un emploi, poussés par la nécessité d’aider leurs familles ou encore refoulés par l’impossibilité de faire face aux frais de scolarité. Pour ceux qui abandonnent trop tôt, les offres de la seconde chance et les possibilités d’apprentissage non formel sont primordiales afin de garantir que tous les jeunes puissent acquérir les compétences nécessaires pour évoluer sur le marché du travail.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Deuxièmement, <i>pour obtenir des résultats, il faut d’abord des investissements intelligents</i>, c’est-à-dire des investissements qui priorisent et surveillent l’apprentissage – au-delà des indicateurs traditionnels tels que le nombre d’enseignants formés ou le nombre d’apprenants inscrits. C’est sur la qualité que doivent converger les investissements dans l’éducation, les acquis devant servir d’indicateurs clés pour déterminer la qualité de l’éducation. Les ressources sont trop limitées et les défis trop grands pour concevoir des politiques et programmes sans savoir où l’on va. Il nous faut des preuves de ce qui fonctionne pour pouvoir investir intelligemment.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Troisièmement, <i>l’apprentissage pour tous revient à garantir que tous les enfants et tous les jeunes, et pas seulement les plus privilégiés ou les plus intelligents, puissent non seulement aller à l’école, mais aussi acquérir les connaissances et compétences qui leurs sont nécessaires</i>. En matière d’accès à l’éducation, les principales difficultés se posent pour les populations défavorisées aux niveaux de l’enseignement primaire, secondaire et supérieur. </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Nous devons rabaisser les obstacles empêchant les filles, les enfants handicapés et les minorités ethnolinguistiques d’atteindre le même degré d’instruction que d’autres groupes de population. </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>L’apprentissage pour tous promeut l’équité des objectifs à la base de l’Éducation pour tous et des Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD). Si nous ne nous attaquons pas aux problèmes liés à l’équité, il sera impossible d’atteindre l’objectif de l’Éducation pour tous.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Voir les résultats<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Depuis que nous avons lancé notre stratégie mondiale pour le secteur de l’éducation en avril 2011, les programmes financés par la Banque mondiale ont<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo7;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>aidé des pays à accélérer leur marche en vue d’atteindre les Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement en faveur de l’éducation primaire universelle</span></i><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>. </span></b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Ces deux dernières années, la Banque a fourni plus de 2,7 milliards de dollars pour<b> </b></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>fi</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>nancer l’Association internationale de développement (International Development Association – IDA) a</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>fi</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>n de soutenir l’éducation de base dans les pays les plus pauvres. </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Nous travaillons aussi étroitement avec le Partenariat mondial pour l’éducation (Global Partnership for Education – GPE). La Banque supervise l’utilisation des subventions du GPE et a cofinancé des projets de l’IDA dans tout un ensemble de pays ;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo7;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>réduit les inégalités en matière d’éducation</span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>. Citons en exemples les programmes permettant à des partenariats entre le secteur privé et le secteur public d’élargir l’accès à l’éducation et d’améliorer la qualité de cette dernière pour les enfants de familles à faibles revenus au Pakistan ; ceux qui fournissent des bourses à des filles au Bangladesh pour qu’elles puissent être scolarisées ou encore les programmes de formation professionnelle ouverts à de jeunes femmes en Éthiopie et en Jordanie ;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo7;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>amélioré la qualité des prestations de services</span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>. La Banque finance : des subventions au Nigeria pour des écoles secondaires, leur octroi reposant sur les résultats obtenus par ces établissements à des tests et sur la présence des enseignants ; des subventions pour des écoles en Indonésie, en fonction de la réalisation de leurs projets d’école ; l’élargissement de la formation dans des domaines professionnels prioritaires adaptés aux demandes des employeurs au Rwanda ; enfin, la Banque aide un ensemble de pays comme l’Éthiopie, le Mozambique, l’Angola, la Zambie, l’Arménie, le Kirghizistan, le Tadjikistan et le Viêtnam à créer des cadres de réglementation et de contrôle de la qualité pour renforcer les systèmes d’évaluation de leurs apprenants ; <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo7;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#31363B'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>produit de nouvelles données pour améliorer les résultats de l’apprentissage</span></i><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>. Par le biais du programme SABER (Systems Approach for Better Education Results)</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><a href="http://www.dvv-international.de/index.php?article_id=1473&clang=2#1"><b><sup><span lang=ES-MX style='color:#2074AD;text-decoration:none'>1</span></sup></b></a></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>, la Banque est en train de créer une banque de données mondiale sur les politiques et institutions de l’éducation pour que les pays puissent évaluer leurs propres performances dans des domaines politiques clés tels que les politiques pratiquées à l’égard des enseignants, les évaluations d’apprenants, la gestion des écoles et le développement de la main-d’œuvre. En ce qui concerne les prestataires de services éducatifs, la Banque mondiale est aussi en train de créer une banque de données unique en son genre concernant la qualité des prestations de services dans les pays d’Afrique. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:25.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:25.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Élargir l’horizon des apprenants<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Notre stratégie s’étend jusqu’en 2020, mais qui sait de quoi le monde sera fait dans sept ans ?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Nous devons préparer notre jeunesse aujourd’hui à évoluer dans le monde que nous espérons réaliser, un monde dans lequel les gens pourront se libérer du joug de la privation et de leur situation de défavorisés afin de devenir les acteurs de leur propre développement et de leur prospérité. Pour y parvenir, nous savons que les investissements dans l’éducation doivent non seulement être axés sur des éléments tels que de nouvelles salles de classe, la formation des enseignants, les manuels et les ordinateurs, mais aussi sur toutes les politiques, les incitations et les financements qui font fonctionner les systèmes de l’éducation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Pour garantir que les pays en développement puissent devenir compétitifs sur le marché mondialisé d’aujourd’hui, nous devons doter la prochaine génération des compétences cognitives essentielles et des compétences nécessaires à la réflexion critique, au travail d’équipe et à l’innovation. Les connaissances et les compétences peuvent élargir l’horizon des jeunes et leur donner les moyens d’exploiter les possibilités qui se font jour. </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Nous devons aussi mesurer ce qu’apprennent les apprenants et tenir les gouvernements et les éducateurs pour responsables s’ils n’apprennent pas.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'> <b> (*)</b> </span><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> article publié dans “Éducation des Adultes et Développement” 80/2013</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> <span class=MsoHyperlink>http://www.dvv-international.de/index.php?article_id=1460&clang=2</span></span><span class=MsoHyperlink><span lang=EN-US style='color:#31363B;text-decoration:none'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>1</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'> Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER). </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Disponble sur http://bit.ly/12cM1IV<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Références</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Groupe de la Banque mondiale (2011) </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>: World Bank Group Education Strategy 2020: Learning for All: Investing in People’s Knowledge and Skills to Promote Development. </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Disponible sur </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><a href="http://bit.ly/hTiJbA%20"><span lang=ES-MX style='color:#2074AD;text-decoration:none'>http://bit.ly/hTiJbA </span></a></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'>Pour plus de détails concernant l’évolution de la Stratégie 2020 du Groupe de la Banque mondiale pour le secteur de l’éducation, veuillez consulter : </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><a href="http://bit.ly/fSCttF%20"><span lang=ES-MX style='color:#2074AD;text-decoration:none'>http://bit.ly/fSCttF</span></a></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#31363B'><o:p></o:p></span></p><h1 style='margin-top:0cm;line-height:normal;background:white'><span class=MsoHyperlink><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p><span style='text-decoration:none'> </span></o:p></span></span></h1><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>