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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=ES-MX link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><i><span lang=ES style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Para español favor usar google traductor </span></i></b><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><i><span lang=FR style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'>Veuillez utiliser google translator pour traduire les articles qui ne sont pas en français</span></i></b><span lang=FR style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:62.85pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>ICAE Virtual Seminar<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>“Adult Education and Development: Post 2015”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>Towards an Arab Adult Education Spring: Post 2015 Developmental Vision <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>By Zahi Azar<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>Secretary General Arab Network for Popular Education (ANPE)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:#3939EF'>Ecumenical Popular Education Program (EPEP)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The so-called “Arab Spring” took place under essentially political themes. Millions of deprived people revolted to take down longstanding dictators in power.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>What appeared in the beginning of the uprising to be a success concerning the existing social realities, did not last long. In most of the concerned countries, social reality can hardly follow politics to consolidate the revolution. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Dictators have marginalized to such an extent the impoverished and illiterate majority keeping them in an incredible state of underdevelopment, that access to power is rarely possible and the generations of youth who took part in the uprising find themselves crushed between a return of the old guard or the arrival of their synonyms with Islamic hats. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Although the social reality is unable to sustain the political, the new godfathers of the “Arab Spring” are unanimous about one essential point and that is the absence of a real social agenda for the renewal of Development, of Education (Adult Education) and the dynamics of their interdependence.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The socio-political vacuum created a long time ago by dictatorships, is more discernible after the revolutions, and Arab societies will need several years to mature and to constitute “civil societies”, able to considerably participate in building and leading the “<span style='color:black'>offer”</span> in Education, Adult Education and Development.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Today, although the long time dismantled civil society here and there is starting to take initiatives, the state or the fragments of the old regimes continue to dominate any initiative with the old, the outmoded, the historical and the insignificant programs in Development and Education.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Although the “Arab spring” has become set in the political, many social benefits allow us to realistically dream about the post 2015 period, in order to renew Adult Education in the new Arab world.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> For this, the following are required:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>A. At the theoretical level<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 1. To renew the concept of Development in a participatory way, including cultural development towards an integral vision of a Development that can be only based on Education. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 2. To liberate Development from the unique objective of the “global” or “national” market, especially in order to make larger room for Education and Adult Education. The essentially economical definition that dominates Development holds back the value of apprenticeship and of school.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 3. To include Education for Development in a strong and dynamic network where this type of successful experiences can benefit the Arab world. In this post revolution context, an opening at the international level can only be extremely beneficial in a society that tends to regenerate the old political or ideological power relations.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 4. To take the big revolutionary step to read correctly the surprising failure of Adult Education in the Arab world, to draw lessons, and to analyze them with a view of initiating new renewal proposals.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>B. At the level of Adult Education Programs<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 1. To elucidate an integral pedagogical vision including Adult Education and its major literacy component, within a programmatic approach, that is measurable and that can be tested.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 2. To redefine the role of international organizations at the qualitative programmatic and exchange levels, in order to adequately communicate successful experiences worldwide, and to contribute to the elaboration of Adult Education programs at the level of NGOs, but also at the government level in each country.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 3. To prioritize and allocate budget lines for building human resources/cadres in Adult Education and to ensure their durability in the civil sector or within state institutions.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 4. To take into consideration the percentage of women beneficiaries (80%) in the Arab world in the elaboration of Adult Education programs, and at different levels, including “Human Rights”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 5. To note that the “Human Rights” dimension must be a transversal component of all trainings, as well as to programs linked to Adult Education in the Arab world, in order to meet, strengthen and teach the values promoted par the revolutions in the different contexts.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 6. To include the economic project component (individual or collective) to any elaboration of new Adult Education programs, in order to complete the apprenticeship, to master competences , and to ensure a practical outcome to the educational process, thus contributing to Development (while maintaining the ethical dimension).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>A good new Popular Education formula (for post 2015), could include the following:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Human Rights (Women’s Rights) <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Qualitative Education <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Collective Social Action<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Training on economic projects<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Lead to <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Individuals Contribute to Development<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Mastering Competences and Apprenticeship<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Human Vector of Values<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>Ø<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Social Agent for Change<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>It is clear that in order to concretize these proposals in the actual socio-political turmoil of the Arab world, a transitional period, as difficult and delicate as it is, is needed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>This transitional period necessitates:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 1. A different awareness raising and sensitization on the necessity to overcome the different forms of failure in Adult Education in the Arab world, and engaging in the adventure of post 2015 in order to renew the pedagogical approach to Adult Education and link it to Development.<span style='color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 2. Dialogue with international organizations concerned to actively participate in this transitional period (even in its definition) in order to prepare for a new post 2015 momentum in the Arab world.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 3. Calling for a <span style='color:black'>coalition of enterprises</span> between public and private sectors, in each country, and of international organizations to conjugate efforts in view of reforming Education in general, and Adult Education in particular, without forgetting to ensure the funding needed in order to sustain this enterprise. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'> 4. Building the capacity of state institutions, as well as that of NGOs, in a participatory way, to be able to engage in this important renewal and to maintain it, since the human element and the cadres are <span style='color:black'>at the core</span> of a successful outcome. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Towards a “Pedagogy of Hope” in the Arab world<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>The “Pedagogy of Hope” used by Paolo Freire can still be today, the subject of meditation and action in a politically, socially and economically exhausted Arab world, and I dare say pedagogically, that even the revolutions of youth and of marginalized people, were not able to restore minimum economic and political dignity required.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Could a “Pedagogy of Hope” still save the desperate? This is our commitment, the commitment of us all, to renew the Pedagogy in order to recover Hope.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></body></html>